Useful in paediatric cases when the patient is not co-operative enough for a cover test, especially when the clinician needs to differentiate between pseudostrabismus and strabismus.
Assessment of pupil function can provide diagnostic information about the afferent and efferent neurological pathways responsible for pupillary and eyelid function.
The cover test is used to elicit the presence of heterotropia, heterophoria, orthotropia or orthophoria. It allows the direction of the deviation (horizontal, vertical, torsional or combination) to be determined and also whether it is unilateral or alternating, constant or intermittent and the ef...
The cover test at near is used to elicit the presence of a heterotropia, heterophoria, orthotropia or orthophoria for near fixation targets.
