The cover test at near is used to elicit the presence of a heterotropia, heterophoria, orthotropia or orthophoria for near fixation targets.
Measuring eye deviation using the alternating cover test and prism bar. One or other eye is always covered during the test. To elicit the presence or absence of a heterophoria along with type of deviation (eso-, exo-, hyper- and cyclophoria), effect of refractive correction, accommodation and CHP...
The near point of convergence is the point where visual axes intersect under maximum convergence effort while binocular single vision is maintained. Some practitioners measure the near point of convergence routinely, but especially when a patent presents with near vision symptoms.
This is a measure of the maximum amount of accommodation an individual can exert. It can be described as the dioptric distance between the near and far points of accommodation and is usually measured using the RAF rule. It should be conducted monocularly and binocularly and may be repeated two or...
